American English (Indo-European)

English is discussed in its own section in the paper, which reviews the arguments for its two purported affricates and discusses the data sources we used. Briefly, the arguments are not particularly strong, and the results of our simulations are correspondingly fragile. Finding [tʃ] requires narrow transcription of the stop portion. While this can be motivated, it is not necessary in other cases.

Simulation data at a glance

Click on simulation name to view additional simulation details.

Simulation name	Initial state Learning Data	Initial state features
No_Cv	LearningData.txt	Features.txt
Cmu Broad	LearningData.txt	Features.txt
Celex Broad	LearningData.txt	Features.txt
Cmu Narrow	LearningData.txt	Features.txt
Celex Narrow	LearningData.txt	Features.txt

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Simulation details for English no_cv

Summary of inventory changes

Stage	Consonant set
Input	p b m f v θ ð c ɟ t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w i u ɪ ʊ eɪ oʊ ɛ ə ɔ æ ɑ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ
Output	p b m f v θ ð c t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w i u ɪ ʊ eɪ oʊ ɛ ə ɔ æ ɑ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ ɟʒ

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Simulation details for English cmu broad

Summary of inventory changes

Stage	Consonant set
Input	p b m f v θ ð t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w
Output	p b m f v θ ð t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w dʒ

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Simulation details for English celex broad

Summary of inventory changes

Stage	Consonant set
Input	p b m f v θ ð t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w
Output	p b m f v θ ð t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w dʒ

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Simulation details for English cmu narrow

Summary of inventory changes

Stage	Consonant set
Input	p b m f v θ ð c ɟ t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w
Output	p b m f v θ ð c ɟ t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w cʃ ɟʒ

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Simulation details for English celex narrow

Summary of inventory changes

Stage	Consonant set
Input	p b m f v θ ð c ɟ t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w
Output	p b m f v θ ð c t d s z n l ʃ ʒ ɹ j k g ŋ h w cʃ ɟʒ

View the source code on GitHub